The capacity for critical judgement evolves over the course of our psycho-social development. When this developmental process is skewed so is our capacity for critical judgement. "Segmental Set" is another fine book on the subject of cognition and mental illness. It's about the capacity for the individual's psyche to process and integrate stimuli from the environment (outer) and from within (inner) in the form of memories, habits of thought, attitudes, level of maturity, psychosocial trauma, internalized relationship patterns and by the capacity to tolerate conflicting, painful or confusing information. While the content for each manner of distortion is unique to the patient, the structural components of perception can be understood in terms of quantitative and qualitative factors of the "Need-Tension" Paradigm. Freud called this theory the "Economic Theory'. Maintaining a level of self-esteem that is comfortable or familiar is the function of defense. For example, an arrogant person uses patterns of defense which will sustain his level of self-esteem, compromising certain aspects of reality testing which would compete with his hyperbolic sense of himself. In contrast, a depressed or masochistic personality will construe reality so that it reinforces her devalued sense of self, regardless of indications that contradict her hyperbolic devaluations. In each case, a comfortable level of self esteem is maintained at the expense of critical thought and sound reality testing. Sensing, scanning, articulation of data is processed according to the structural integrity of that person's personality. A segmental set is that part of the personality that is predisposed to respond. Shakow provides multiple studies which confirm the idea of set as "an integral state" of readiness of the organism that is the precursor of all activity. Differentiated properties or "mental functions" such as observation, imagination, and attention, can and do modify the set. The idea of " segmental set" is important because it, "Forms the basis for the emergence of consciousness: and it is the dynamic structural unit of the integral personality into which all activity of the organism is incorporated" (Shakow, p.10). Set is that readiness to respond that makes for consolidating energy that would otherwise be expended every time there is a change in sensation, while still allowing for some change. Cognitive psychology, which was in its preliminary stages in 1979, now confirms and has expanded upon the concept of "set" and mental illness, mental dysfunction or simply "thought disorder", in schizophrenia. This book examines the structural deficits in schizophrenia and augments most of the research in the field to date. This book is written for those who are either in the field or fascinated with the topics of thought disorder or consciousness in general. If you begin to read and find the language palatable, and if you want to really examine what actually goes on 'behind the scenes' so to speak, why wouldn't you choose this book to read? Actually, I'm not sure 'reading' is the correct verb. Perhaps, 'studying' is more accurate. In any case, reading or studying you will find Shakow's ideas totally engrossing, if you give him a try. And, I suggest that you try to be open minded from the start! I count this book among my favorites such as "Masked Schizophrenia", "Cognitive Processes and the Emotional Disorders" and "The Logic of Failure". David Shapiro's "Neurotic Styles" and "Autonomy and Rigid Character" also provide invaluable information consistent with Shakow's thesis. Segmental set and the "Need Tension" paradigm seems to correlate with the ideas of "exclusionary mechanisms" and the "Need-Fear Dilemma" (Schizophrenia and The Need-Fear Dilemma).

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Adaptation in Schizophrenia: Theory of Segmental Set (Wiley Series on Personality Processes) ペーパーバック – 1979/1/1

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David Shakow

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上位レビュー、対象国：日本