内容

目次

I.- 1 The Dangerous Extent of Human Impact on the Biosphere.- 1.1 Use and Transformation of Land Surface.- 1.2 Exploitation of Natural Resources and Pollution of the Biosphere.- 2 Molecular-Genetic Level.- 2.1 Effects on Structural and Functional Systems of the Cell.- 2.2 Biotransformation and Biodegradation of Pollutants.- 3 Problems at the Ontogenetic Level.- 3.1 Changes in Embryogenesis.- 3.2 Disturbance of Growth.- 3.3 Disturbance of Reproduction.- 3.4 Metabolic Disturbances, Poisoning and Diseases.- 3.5 Conclusions.- 4 Problems at the Species-Population Level.- 4.1 General Characteristics of Species Disappearance.- 4.2 Causes of Species Disappearance.- 4.3 Importance of the Minimal Number of the Population.- 4.4 Conclusions.- 5 Problems at the Ecosystem Level.- 5.1 Changes in Ecosystem Structure.- 5.2 Disturbance of Interspecies Interactions.- 5.3 Breakage of Information Flows in Ecosystems.- 5.4 Destruction of Vegetation Cover in Toto.- 5.5 Transfer of Toxic Substances by Migrating Animals.- 5.6 Bioaccumulation of Pollutants and Their Transfer Through Trophic Chains.- 5.7 Acid Precipitations.- 5.8 Changes in Primary Productivity.- 5.9 Conservation Problems in Some Important Ecosystems.- 5.10 Conclusions.- 6 Economic Problems in the Protection of Living Nature.- 7 Organizational and Legal Problems of the Protection of Living Nature.- 7.1 Problems to Be Treated on an International Level.- 7.2 Problems to Be Treated on a National Level.- 8 Problems of Prognostication.- 8.1 Molecular Level.- 8.2 Onthogenetic Level.- 8.3 Populations and Species Level.- 8.4 Ecosystem and Biosphere Levels.- 8.5 Forecasts of the Ecological Consequences of a Nuclear War.- II Prospects for the Protection of Living Nature.- 9 Protection of Living Nature and its Connection with Other Global Problems.- 9.1 “Nuclear Winter” and Disarmament.- 9.2 Demographic Problem and Need for Stabilization.- 9.3 Reduction of the Biosphere Pollution Rate.- 10 Need for Ecologization of Society’s Activities.- 10.1 Need for Ecologization of Agriculture.- 10.2 Need for Ecologization of the Economic Forms of Biosphere Utilization.- 10.3 Need for Ecologization of Industry and Transport.- 10.4 Need for Ecologization of the Economy.- 10.5 Need for Ecologization of the Urban Environment.- 10.6 Need for Ecologization of Medicine.- 10.7 Need for Ecologization of Politics and Law.- 11 Ways of Preserving Living Nature.- 11.1 Protection in Natural Habitats.- 11.2 Captive Breeding.- 11.3 Domestication and Cultivation.- 11.4 Ecological Engineering.- 11.5 Genetic Banks.- 11.6 Regulated Evolution.- 12 Scientific Foundations and Theory of Living Nature Protection Within the System of Biological Science.- 12.1 Biological Sciences and the Scientific Foundations of Living Nature Protection.- 12.2 Axiomatization of the Theoretical Foundations of Living Nature Protection.- 12.3 Conclusion.- Index of Authors.